[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/jak-vznikla-americka-hypoteka-a-proc-je-o-ni-mezi-lidmi-zajem\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/jak-vznikla-americka-hypoteka-a-proc-je-o-ni-mezi-lidmi-zajem\/","headline":"Jak vznikla americk\u00e1 hypot\u00e9ka a pro\u010d je o n\u00ed mezi lidmi z\u00e1jem","name":"Jak vznikla americk\u00e1 hypot\u00e9ka a pro\u010d je o n\u00ed mezi lidmi z\u00e1jem","description":"V 30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla situace s bydlen\u00edm ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech velmi dramatick\u00e1. Lid\u00e9 si mohli vyp\u016fj\u010dit maxim\u00e1ln\u011b necelou polovinu celkov\u00e9 hodnoty nemovitosti, a nav\u00edc byly docela b\u011b\u017en\u011b na trhu tzv. bal\u00f3nov\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky. To byl ne\u00fanosn\u00fd projekt, kter\u00fd diktoval doslova zb\u011bsil\u00e9 podm\u00ednky dlu\u017en\u00edk\u016fm. Ti museli ur\u010ditou dobu pravideln\u011b spl\u00e1cet dlu\u017enou \u010d\u00e1stku a pot\u00e9 pak […]","datePublished":"2018-04-24","dateModified":"2023-06-08","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ee69a086fc043006d66000ff5e288b6b088fc8fa323128f3849437410a854832?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ee69a086fc043006d66000ff5e288b6b088fc8fa323128f3849437410a854832?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"cavern.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a315621_w1693_t1526497746.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a315621_w1693_t1526497746.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.cavern.cz\/jak-vznikla-americka-hypoteka-a-proc-je-o-ni-mezi-lidmi-zajem\/","about":["Web"],"wordCount":545,"articleBody":"      V 30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla situace s bydlen\u00edm ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech velmi dramatick\u00e1. Lid\u00e9 si mohli vyp\u016fj\u010dit maxim\u00e1ln\u011b necelou polovinu celkov\u00e9 hodnoty nemovitosti, a nav\u00edc byly docela b\u011b\u017en\u011b na trhu tzv. bal\u00f3nov\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky. To byl ne\u00fanosn\u00fd projekt, kter\u00fd diktoval doslova zb\u011bsil\u00e9 podm\u00ednky dlu\u017en\u00edk\u016fm. Ti museli ur\u010ditou dobu pravideln\u011b spl\u00e1cet dlu\u017enou \u010d\u00e1stku a pot\u00e9 pak museli povinn\u011b doplatit zbytek dluhu ve form\u011b jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 kone\u010dn\u00e9 spl\u00e1tky. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se ov\u0161em st\u00e1valo, \u017ee na doplacen\u00ed nem\u011bli dostatek prost\u0159edk\u016f (nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 je na\u0161et\u0159it, kdy\u017e museli nav\u00edc pravideln\u011b spl\u00e1cet), a tak p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli o st\u0159echu nad hlavou. Tato situace nakonec vedla k tomu, \u017ee trh s \u00fav\u011bry se prakticky zastavil a lid\u00e9 rad\u011bji bydleli v n\u00e1jmu. Tomu ov\u0161em u\u010dinila p\u0159\u00edtr\u017e organizace FHA (Federal Housing Administration), kter\u00e1 nav\u00fd\u0161ila maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hranici \u00fav\u011bru, ukon\u010dila bal\u00f3nov\u00e9 spl\u00e1tky a prodlou\u017eila dobu spl\u00e1cen\u00ed na des\u00edtky let. V\u00fdsledky tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed se ji\u017e po n\u011bkolika letech projevily v nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomice a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za\u010dali lid\u00e9 bydlet ve sv\u00e9m. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b to bylo ov\u0161em sotva 9 procent lid\u00ed v USA. V Americe se ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201enebankovn\u00ed americk\u00e1 hypot\u00e9ka\u201c, ale \u201ehome equity loan\u201c, tedy voln\u011b p\u0159elo\u017eeno, n\u011bco jako f\u00e9rov\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fav\u011br. Zat\u00edmco ji\u017e v 70. letech byl tento produkt b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00fdm v kapitalistick\u00fdch zem\u00edch, k n\u00e1m se dostal a\u017e v roce 1992. A teprve v roce 2004 bylo z\u00e1konnou formou uzn\u00e1no (z\u00e1kon 190\/2004 Sb.), \u017ee klient nemus\u00ed ud\u00e1vat zp\u016fsob vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru.  Pro\u010d si lid\u00e9 vol\u00ed americkou hypot\u00e9ku \u00b7 Je mo\u017en\u00e9 ji jednor\u00e1zov\u011b doplatit, ani\u017e byste museli dopl\u00e1cet u\u0161l\u00e9 \u00faroky. V\u00fdhodn\u00e9 je to nap\u0159. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1te nemovitost, kterou chcete prodat, nebo pronajmout, a r\u00e1di byste zakoupili n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, na kr\u00e1sn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, co byste si necht\u011bli nechat uj\u00edt. Vy\u0159e\u0161\u00edte to americkou hypot\u00e9kou, n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, nebo let ji spl\u00e1c\u00edte, mezit\u00edm v\u00e1\u0161 druh\u00fd objekt prod\u00e1te, nebo pronajmete, a pokud chcete, jednor\u00e1zov\u011b doplat\u00edte zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dlu\u017enou \u010d\u00e1stku. \u00b7 Doba spl\u00e1cen\u00ed se d\u00e1 prot\u00e1hnout a\u017e na 20 let, pouze s v\u011bkov\u00fdm omezen\u00edm nastaven\u00fdm tak, \u017ee va\u0161e posledn\u00ed spl\u00e1tka mus\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt v d\u016fchodov\u00e9m v\u011bku na hranici zpravidla 74 let. \u00b7 Od \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 smlouvy lze odstoupit do 14 dn\u016f bez ud\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fvodu a bez poplatk\u016f. V\u00fdhodn\u00e9 je to v tom, \u017ee ji m\u016f\u017eete konzultovat s nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm odborn\u00edkem, nebo s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem. \u00b7 Jednou ze z\u00e1sadn\u00edch v\u00fdhod je jej\u00ed bez\u00fa\u010delovost. Nikoho skute\u010dn\u011b nezaj\u00edm\u00e1, na co pen\u00edze pot\u0159ebujete \u2013 m\u016f\u017eete rekonstruovat, stav\u011bt, a vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed pronaj\u00edmat. A v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b ji\u017e neplat\u00ed, \u017ee co nen\u00ed bankovn\u00ed, je okam\u017eit\u011b lichva. Naopak mnoh\u00e9 nebankovn\u00ed subjekty dok\u00e1\u017eou nab\u00eddnout lep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, ne\u017e bankovn\u00ed \u00fastavy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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